The
Passive Voice
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
The
car
|
killed
|
the
camel
|
ACTIVE
- The Subject does something to the Object.
|
the
camel
|
was
killed
|
by
the car
|
PASSIVE
- The Subject has something done to it .
|
THE GERUND ( _ING ENDING).
|
Stating
a sentence .
e.g. Reading is very
enjoyable
After
a Preposition .
e.g. He’s very fond of reading
English books.
After
another verb .
e.g. He like swimming.
CONDITIONALS
|
If I have time I will go.
If Fred arrives on time we will start the test.
If + Present
Simple + WILL
+ Stem of Verb
If I had time I would go.
If john went
to town he would see the parade.
If
+ Past Simple + WOULD
+ Stem of Verb
If I had had time I would
have gone.
If he had telephoned me
I would have
visited
him.
If
+ Past Perfect + WOULD HAVE +Past Participle.
PREPOSITION
|
USES :-
a street
|
an address
|
||
ON
|
a day
|
AT
|
a party
|
a foot
|
a time
|
||
a week
|
plane
|
||
a month
|
BY
|
car
|
|
IN
|
a year
|
bus
|
|
a city
|
donkey
|
||
a country
|
FREQUNCY VERBS
|
Always = 100 %
Usually , Generally
, Regularly =90 %
Often , Frequently
, Much of the time = 70 %
Sometime , Occasionally
, From time to time =50 %
Seldom , Rarely
, almost never
= 10%
Never -0 %
SO / TOO
|
He likes cake and so do I .
SO +VERB + PERSON
He likes cake and I do too.
PERSON + VERB + TOO
EITHER / NEITHER
|
He doesn't
like cake and I don't either.
PERSON+ NEGATIVE VERB + EITHER
He doesn't
like cake and NEITHER
do I .
NEITHER + VERB + PERSON
FOR / SINCE
|
FOR :- two
year ,
six days , a month
, five minute .
SINCE :- JANUARY
, YESTERDAY , LAST
WEEK ,
1990
AUXILIARY QUESTION
|
1
|
Modals
|
Take present tense .
|
e.g.
|
can
you help me ?
|
|
2
|
(Do , does , did )
|
Take present tense .
|
e.g.
|
did
he have time ?
|
|
3
|
(Have , has , had )
|
Take 3rd
verb.
|
e.g.
|
has
he seen the paper ?
|
|
4
|
(Am , is , are , was , were )
|
Take present continuos tense (ING) .
|
e.g.
|
were
you doing your homework?
|
|
INFINITIVES “to + verb”
|
e.g. to get
, to see , to
go
(when we have two verbs in the same sentence NOT (have , do or be ) the second verb take “to”
EXAPLE
I want to get some
papers.
They hope to win the game.
ANY / SOME / NO
|
Any used
in question and negative .
e.g. do you have any money ?
e.g. I
don’t have any money .
some or no used in affirmative sentence .
e.g. I have some (or no) money .
count & non count nouns
|
count =
many or a few
e.g.
He has many friends .
He has a few minute .
non
count = much or a little
e.g.
he doesn't have much gas .
he has a little sugar
TAG QUESTION
|
He boxed Tyson , didn't he ?
The 1st part is
affirmative , the 2nd is
negative
You don't
like me , do you ?
The 1st part is
negative , the 2nd affirmative.
who - whose
|
who &
Whose used for people only .
e.g. who
is in the car ?
My father is.
e.g. Whose car is that ? It’s Ahmad’s .
THAT - WHICH
|
That used for people , animal , things .
e.g. He has a
camel that can run very fast .
WHICH used for animal , things .
e.g. Can lend
me the pen which you bought yesterday?
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